Construction material.



106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING OR PLASTIC.

I I N I ["EI STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES MILLAB NEIL, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA, ASSIGNOB TO ALEXANDER M.

HAY, or 'rono NTO, CAN ADA CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL.

Specification 01' Application med ma 27,

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JAMES M. NEIL, of Toronto, in the county of York and Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented cer- 5 tain new and useful Improvements in Construction Materials; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

This invention is an improvement in the art of manufacturing compounds used for building material for surfacing roads, and other purposes in the arts; and its object is to produce novel binding materials for use in such compounds or manufactures; and

also to provide a novel combination of materials which may be used in such arts.

A particular object of the invention is to provide soluble mixtures in a d rm, so that they can be readily transported to the place where they are to be used, which results in great economy of operation and facilitates their use in such manufactures.

Heretofore in the manufacture of artificial bricks, stone, concrete and other construction material, a solution of silicate of soda has been used, and I am aware that solutions of silicate of soda and sucrate of lime have also been used in connection with material for road; construction. Such solutions being necessarily need in a liquid condition have been expensive to transport and are awkward to handle, under the conditions in which they must be used. Commercial silicate of soda is a thick syrupy mass which, when evaporated to dryness, is practically insoluble in cold water, and therefore not available in dry form for the purposes hereinafter mentioned. Sucrate of lime when evaporated to dryness, becomes an insoluble compound of tri-saccharate of lime.

I have discovered that by mixin an alkali (such as soda ash) with silicate of soda 1n its thick syrupy condition as so in commerce and t@ eyg p wtingglgl g%ture a dr soluble com ound is ro uce For example the addltion of abdut ten (10) parts of soda ash to ninety (90) parts of s'licate omproduoe the desired d r v WT power. have also discovered that by mixing trl-saccharate of lime with an acid salt (such as bi-carbonate of soda or nite-r cake) a dry so u e compoun is pro uce or example adding about equal parts of Letter Paten Patented Apr. 16, 1912.

1911. Serial No. 629,313.

will produce the desired dry soluble powder. Niter cake is a waste product obtained in the manufacture of nitric acid.

By mixing an acid salt for exam le bi carbonate of soda wlth the insoluble trimand upon the addition of water, one molecule of the carbonic acid in the acid salt combines with one molecule of the calcium in the tri-saocharate of lime, thereby producing a sohble saccharate of lime which then combines with the silicate of soda producin a silicate of lime.

In the manufacture of construction material and the like I use a mixture of the two dry soluble compounds above described,preferably using, for example, about five parts of the dry soluble silicate compound to one part of the dry soluble trisaccharate of lime compound. Lime or limestone (calcium carbonate) may 'he added to the said mixture in about the proportion of one of the mixture to two or more of lime or calcium carbonate. I do not consider it desirable to use more than fifteen parts of lime, or carbonate of lime, to one part of the mixture, because it would become so weak that the reactions would be too much retarded for practical working. The mixture is then ready for use, and can be transported in a dry state to the point where it is to be used, and there intermixed with the desired proportions of sand, gravel, rock, or other material which it is desired to bind. When the resultant mass is to be used, water must be added thereto; on the addition of water to the mass certain chemical reactions take place resulting in the production of silicate of lime and the final binding of all the materials into a compact mass of great strength and durability.

Instead of adding lime or limestone to the mixture at the oint of manufacture, crushed limestone carbonate of lime may a a e pom 0 use; liere y reducing transportation charges.

The reactions which take place are about as follows: The free acid in the acid salt combines with part of the lime in the trisaccharate producing a soluble saccharate of lime which, combining with the silicate of soda (which has been rendered soluble by the alkali,) forms the binding material, silicate of lime; simultaneously producing saccharate of soda. The latter reacting on the tri-sacchara-te of lime and the acid salt hydrate of lime (or carbonate of lime as the case may be) forms saccharate of lime and hydrate of soda (or carbonate of soda). The soda then re-acts on the silica contained in the material to be bonded, thereby forming silicate of soda; which re-acts with the saccharate of lime, again forming silicate of lime and saccharate of soda; thus recommencing the same cycle of re-actions above described. After the initial binding has taken place the re-act-ions are almost dormant, but are stimulated by pressure and climatic influences and will continue indefinitely so long as there is any free silica present in the mass of material which is being bound together by the silicate of lime.

\Yhat I claim is:

1. A binding material, comprising a mixture of a dry soluble compound obtained by treating silicate of soda with an alkali and evaporating to dryness; and a dry soluble mixture'of tri-saccharate of lime and an acid salt, substantially as set forth.

2. A composition for building and construction purposes, comprising a tiller; :1

dry soluble compound obtained by treating silicate of soda with an alkali and evaporating it to dryness; and a dry soluble mixture of tri-saccharate of lime and an acid salt, substantially as set forth.

3. A binding material, comprising a mixture of a dry soluble compound obtained by treating silicate of soda with an alkali and evaporating to dryness; and a mixture of tri-saccharate of lime and bi-carbonate of soda, substantially as set forth.

4. A material comprising a mixture of a filler, a dry soluble compound obtained by treating silicate of soda wit-h an alkali and evaporating to dryness; and a dry soluble mixture of tri-saccharate of lime and bicarbonate of soda, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own, I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES MILLAR NEIL.

Vitnesses:

ARTHUR E. DONELL; JAMES R. MANSFIELD.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

\saall.

W- ls Washington, D. C. 

